How Computer Systems Are Used In Customer Service Departments.

MIS - Decision Support System

Decision support systems (DSS) are interactive software-based systems intended to aid managers in decision-making by accessing large volumes of information generated from various related data systems involved in organizational business processes, such as office automation system, transaction processing arrangement, etc.

DSS uses the summary data, exceptions, patterns, and trends using the analytical models. A conclusion support system helps in determination-making just does not necessarily requite a decision itself. The decision makers compile useful information from raw data, documents, personal knowledge, and/or business models to identify and solve issues and brand decisions.

Programmed and Not-programmed Decisions

There are two types of decisions - programmed and non-programmed decisions.

Programmed decisions are basically automated processes, full general routine work, where −

These decisions have been taken several times.
These decisions follow some guidelines or rules.

For example, selecting a reorder level for inventories, is a programmed decision.

Non-programmed decisions occur in unusual and non-addressed situations, so −

It would exist a new decision.
There will not exist whatever rules to follow.
These decisions are fabricated based on the bachelor data.
These decisions are based on the manger's discretion, instinct, perception and judgment.

For example, investing in a new technology is a non-programmed decision.

Decision back up systems more often than not involve non-programmed decisions. Therefore, there will be no exact study, content, or format for these systems. Reports are generated on the fly.

Attributes of a DSS

Adaptability and flexibility
High level of Interactivity
Ease of use
Efficiency and effectiveness
Complete control by determination-makers
Ease of development
Extendibility
Support for modeling and analysis
Support for data admission
Standalone, integrated, and Web-based

Characteristics of a DSS

Support for conclusion-makers in semi-structured and unstructured problems.
Support for managers at various managerial levels, ranging from elevation executive to line managers.
Support for individuals and groups. Less structured issues oftentimes requires the involvement of several individuals from different departments and organization level.
Support for interdependent or sequential decisions.
Support for intelligence, design, choice, and implementation.
Support for diversity of decision processes and styles.
DSSs are adaptive over time.

Benefits of DSS

Improves efficiency and speed of decision-making activities.
Increases the control, competitiveness and capability of futuristic conclusion-making of the organization.
Facilitates interpersonal communication.
Encourages learning or training.
Since information technology is more often than not used in non-programmed decisions, it reveals new approaches and sets upwardly new evidences for an unusual decision.
Helps automate managerial processes.

Components of a DSS

Following are the components of the Decision Support System −

Database Management Organization (DBMS) − To solve a trouble the necessary information may come up from internal or external database. In an organization, internal information are generated by a system such every bit TPS and MIS. External information come up from a diverseness of sources such as newspapers, online data services, databases (financial, marketing, human being resource).
Model Management System − Information technology stores and accesses models that managers use to brand decisions. Such models are used for designing manufacturing facility, analyzing the financial health of an arrangement, forecasting demand of a product or service, etc.

Back up Tools − Support tools like online aid; pulls down menus, user interfaces, graphical analysis, mistake correction machinery, facilitates the user interactions with the system.

Classification of DSS

There are several ways to classify DSS. Hoi Apple and Whinstone classifies DSS as follows −

Text Oriented DSS − Information technology contains textually represented information that could have a bearing on decision. Information technology allows documents to be electronically created, revised and viewed equally needed.
Database Oriented DSS − Database plays a major role here; it contains organized and highly structured information.
Spreadsheet Oriented DSS − It contains information in spread sheets that allows create, view, modify procedural cognition and also instructs the system to execute self-contained instructions. The most pop tool is Excel and Lotus 1-ii-iii.
Solver Oriented DSS − It is based on a solver, which is an algorithm or process written for performing certain calculations and particular program blazon.
Rules Oriented DSS − It follows certain procedures adopted as rules.
Rules Oriented DSS − Procedures are adopted in rules oriented DSS. Export system is the example.
Compound DSS − It is built by using two or more of the five structures explained above.

Types of DSS

Post-obit are some typical DSSs −

Status Inquiry Arrangement − It helps in taking operational, management level, or eye level management decisions, for case daily schedules of jobs to machines or machines to operators.
Data Analysis System − It needs comparative analysis and makes use of formula or an algorithm, for example cash flow analysis, inventory assay etc.
Information Analysis System − In this system data is analyzed and the information report is generated. For example, sales analysis, accounts receivable systems, marketplace analysis etc.
Accounting Organisation − It keeps track of accounting and finance related information, for example, last account, accounts receivables, accounts payables, etc. that keep track of the major aspects of the business.
Model Based System − Simulation models or optimization models used for decision-making are used infrequently and creates general guidelines for performance or management.